The fresh paired imagine for the review ranging from J2-step 1 and K1-8 is actually the greatest full (0

Table cuatro Pairwise D

Pairwise comparison of D_est among V. destructor variants infesting A. cerana and A. mellifera colonies revealed significant differences after correction for multiple comparisons (Table 4). The D_est values among V. destructor K variants infesting A. cerana were moderate to high, ranging between 0.18 and 0.63. The estimates among V. destructor K and C variants infesting A. cerana and the variant infesting A. mellifera were higher overall, ranging between 0.60 and 0.89. J2-1 showed the highest pairwise D_est values when combined with most variants. 91).

_est analysis among V. destructor variants infesting A. mellifera and A. cerana colonies. Cell background color from blue to red correlates with increasing D_est estimate values. *** P < 0.001

Varroa destructor breeding

Mites amassed of An effective. cerana from the Hangzhou area and put experimentally so you’re able to infest staff member and you will drone brood tissues from both machine types belonged in order to versions K1-1/2, K1-3, K1-5, K1-6, and you may K1-eight. The fresh projected amount of versions in this field are 7, with a beneficial 95% count on period regarding (6.step one, 19.6) towards a couple of richness estimators determined (getting information, see Desk S8). More foundresses was basically fertile (81–100%, suggest ± s.d = 92.step one ± eight.8%) whenever apply A good. cerana drone brood, but only a third ones achieved reproductive achievements (i.e., delivered a minumum of one mated girl) (Fig. 6). Singular from one hundred and two out-of 119 reproduced to the other brood types, i.e., towards staff member brood off An excellent. cerana and you may A great. mellifera, respectively. One of them three mites brought a practical child (Fig. 6a). The new haplotype ones about three some one is actually identified as K1-1/dos, and microsatellite research showed that such mites belonged with the intrusive mite population infesting A good. mellifera (Figs. cuatro, 5).

Portion of Varroa destructor foundress mites without along with reproductive achievements shortly after experimental infestation away from an employee and b drone brood out-of Apis cerana and you may Apis mellifera. The first servers species of mites obtained to possess experimental infestation and you will brand new machine kinds experimentally plagued are indicated to the left away from the brand new bars. Amount of people and you can territories plagued is shown on the right

The majority of mites (58–84%, suggest ± s.d = 68.6 ± a dozen.2%) compiled within the A beneficial. mellifera territories have been fruitful when put-on brood out-of both machine species and you can each other genders, having between twenty five and you will 40% achieving reproductive achievements (Fig. 6). A couple mites obtained out-of A beneficial. mellifera had been defined as K1-5 variants (Figs. cuatro, 5). These types of mites don’t duplicate (Fig. 6a). The five mites utilized in an enthusiastic atypical machine was basically excluded regarding brand new dataset to possess modeling reproductive achievement.

Absence in the place of occurrence off reproductive profits is greatest modeled whenever as well as elements of your own unique server types and machine varieties into the that mites was basically experimentally brought. Both affairs impacted reproductive incapacity significantly (Table S9). In the event that telecommunications between such activities was thought, the fresh new reproductive success of A beneficial. cerana mites try significantly less repeated whenever infesting both hosts opposed to help you A beneficial. mellifera mites (Desk S9). The probability of winning reproduction of Good. mellifera mites try straight down into the An excellent. mellifera than just to the modern server, A beneficial. cerana. During the An effective. cerana mites, victory are not likely into the Good. mellifera servers than with the A beneficial. cerana machines. When it comes to only times in which reproductive victory try hit (because of the mites via A good. mellifera in all categories of brood by A. cerana mites inside A good. cerana drone brood), the new ratio out-of foundresses achieving success was best modeled from the factor of machine types plagued. A dramatically greater ratio out of mites hit success during the An effective. mellifera servers versus Good. cerana computers.